There are natural seismic waves and man made events which can lead to shaking and trembling of the earth crust, thereby causing earthquakes.
Earthquakes are caused as a result of released pressure that is accumulated over a period of time.
Of all natural disasters they are one of the most dangerous, an earthquake occurs when there is an increased strain of tectonic plates stuck in the ground, the rocks gives way and it results in an occurrence of fault lines which creates the seismic wave thus shaking and displacing the ground surface.
Similarly, volcano is named after Vulcan, the roman god of fire. It is found in places where plates are constantly moving or shifting.
Volcano is cursed by an emission of hot and molten rocks which can be regarded as lava or magma on the crust of the earth surface. It is said to be one of the most destructive forces of nature.
Volcanic emissions occur when there is a release of the tectonic plates as a result of the pressure created by its movement. Consequently, the earth comprises of irregular shapes and various sizes of plates which moves frequently at different speeds and in the mist of this movement, magma is generated along the plate boundaries.
Types of volcanoes
There are 3 major types of volcanoes which are classified based on their period of eruptions.
1. Active volcanoes: These are recently erupted volcanoes and likely to erupt again.
2. Dormant volcanoes: Dormant volcanoes as the name implies are volcanoes that have erupted in a long while but could possibly erupt again.
3. Extinct volcanoes: These are volcanoes that have not erupted in a long time and could not erupt in the near future. They are also known as dead volcanoes because of their inactiveness.
Mountains like igneous rock which are often referred as one of the oldest and hardest rocks are formed from the aftermath of lava or hot molten from the eruption of volcanoes.
Mountains and other rocks are formed from volcanic eruptions after the ejected lava cools down and it can equally occur in any part of the earth, sea or ocean.
More so, earthquakes can lead to loss of life, properties, soil liquefaction, erosion, landslides, tsunamis, avalanches, personal and economic losses.
The Indian Ocean in 2004, was struck by earthquake which caused a large number of tsunamis along its border. Indian, Thailand, Sri lanker and Indonesia were seriously affected by its rage.
Most seismically active zones in the world are prone to earthquakes and are at risk of this deadly natural disaster.
The shaking capacity of an earthquake is often referred to as 'intensity' and hypocenter is referred to the location below the earth where the rupture begins. While epicenter is the point directly above the hypocenter on the surface of the earth.
In the past 11,000 years there have been more than 1,400 active volcanoes with mauna loa in Hawaii islands having the biggest volcano in the world with approximately 13,000 feet above sea level.
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